Bidirectional charging explained: A guide to V2L, V2G, and V2H technology
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Electric vehicles (EVs) with bidirectional charging capabilities can function as both energy storage and energy sources, offering significant benefits to households and the power grid. This technology, involving AC-to-DC and DC-to-AC conversion, enables three key modes:
- Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G): EVs can store energy during off-peak hours and send it back to the grid during peak demand, helping stabilize the grid and earning owners money. V2G is expected to become standard in EVs by 2025.
- Vehicle-to-Home (V2H): EVs can supply energy to power homes for days, reducing energy costs and grid reliance, especially when paired with renewable energy sources like solar or wind.
- Vehicle-to-Load (V2L): This allows EVs to power small devices or other EVs via integrated inverters, offering portable electricity for activities like camping or emergencies.
Currently, options for bidirectional EVs and chargers in Australia are limited. The Nissan Leaf and Mitsubishi’s plug-in hybrids support V2G, while models like the Hyundai Ioniq 5 and Kia EV6 support V2L. Upcoming vehicles, including Volkswagen’s ID range and Genesis EVs, will expand these capabilities.
Australia has begun piloting V2G technology, with chargers like the Wallbox Quasar and Highbury DC Bidirectional Charger priced around $10,000, though costs are expected to drop significantly as adoption grows. Bidirectional charging is poised to revolutionize energy storage and distribution, making EVs a key part of sustainable energy systems.